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Sleeve Notes
Engineered and Mixed by Brian Masterson Engineers
Assistant: Pearse Dunne
Produced by Shaun Davey
Production Assistant: Judy Lunny
Design and Layout: Design Warehouse.
Special Thanks to: Carolyn Evans-Tipping for assistance and advice
during preparation and recording.
Front Cover Painting: Pat Musick.
Other works by Pat Musick can be viewed online at www.musickstudio.com
Tim Severin's book, The Brendan Voyage, is available from Gill
& Macmillan.
All music publishing rights: Shaun Davey.
'The critical and popular success of The Brendan
Voyage was as ground-breaking as the music itself. Over the years
its power as a single, self-contained suite for Uilleann pipes,
Orchestra and Rhythm Section has remained undiminished while the
progress of the Celtic Music Renaissance has confirmed not only
its author's visionary genius but the status of this one work
as an absolute cornerstone for so many subsequent developments.
Subsequent years have seen others paint on the pallet of Davey's
dream, but in my view there is still only one master of the form.
Regularly lauded as a populist with integrity, a visionary, a
serious artist, an unsung hero at the very dawn of the current
Celtic music explosion, Shaun Davey is all of these things and
more..."
Colin Harper, Q Magazine, August 1997
The Brendan Suite is a series of pieces based on
the story contained in The Brendan Voyage by Tim Severin. Though
a great adventure in itself, Severin's voyage had the serious
purpose of discovering if St. Brendan's sixth century voyage,
as told in a medieval manuscript, could have been possible. The
mention of a leather boat and an extravagance of apparent fantasy
led scholars to dismiss the possibility that Brendan, the Abbot
of Clonfert, may have reached America long before the Norsemen.
Nonetheless, the legend remained and it was the reality behind
the myth that Severin and his crew explored in the replica medieval
boat, `Brendan'. For myself, I must confess that while Severin's
expedition proved that it is very possible that St. Brendan reached
America in a leather boat, I have the greatest difficulty in comprehending
the sheer act of faith that was required of early explorers: I
chose instead to take the hard facts and images of Severin's voyage
to convert into musical terms, and modern culture, so I have tried
to find some meeting points between old and contemporary forms
of music. Naturally much of the beauty of the subject lies in
the presence of those, we hope, eternal elements; the sea, sky
and the creatures that inhabit them. These, along with the character
of the boat and the bravery and determination of her crew prevented
the composition from ever approaching any kind of mere academic
exercise. The only academic exercise involved was the hard graft
of learning to work in terms of an orchestral score plus the task
of discovering the nature of the instrument chosen to represent
the boat, the uilleann pipes which, for those unfamiliar with
them, I shall describe. The lineage of the Irish or uilleann pipes
extends back through the centuries far across Europe. They differ
from Scottish bagpipes firstly in that their wind is supplied
by bellows secured to the player's arm rather than from a bag,
which he blows into, and secondly in that they have a far more
sophisticated system of keys and chanters with which to produce
notes. They are designed for playing while sitting down, preferably
in sheltered places such as parlours or sitting rooms and are
not the sort of instrument to take for walks over mountains. In
this sense their function can be seen to be different from their
Scottish (and for that matter Bulgarian, Rumanian and Turkish)
relations: like their first cousin the Northumberland pipes, uilleann
pipes are more sophisticated, more intimate, and are in fact a
chamber instrument in the literal sense. Yet unlike other European
chamber instruments, the repertoire of the uilleann pipes has
remained rooted in traditional rather than classical idioms. Its
repertoire has been transmitted by ear rather than on the written
page and pipers have tended to remain a select breed who have
taken seriously their obligation to preserve a traditional repertoire
for the sake of future generations. And the fact is that despite
their enormous expressive power and eloquence, the pipes are an
instrument that has rarely found itself within the orchestral
fold.
Times change, however, and in attempting to set the pipes in an
orchestral scheme I have done so with an awareness that at all
times true traditional music was never so far apart from other
traditions, and vice versa, as is popularly believed. Having said
that, it is worth pointing out that anyone who writes for the
pipes sooner or later comes up against the inherent limitations
of the instrument. For example, the chanter is capable of producing
a chromatic scale but it does so reluctantly. In addition, certain
intervals can cause the player more than his share of anxiety.
So straight away it can be seen that some sequences of notes fit
better than others, and that the faster the passage the more critical
the choice becomes. The solution to getting pipe music to flow
is very often the use of grace notes, which results in the very
same configurations that characterise traditional music. Hence
anyone who attempts to move the pipes away from their traditional
context will find himself frequently at frontiers, which cannot
in fact be crossed. The best chance one has, it seems to me, is
to give the pipes the respect they are due, keep them in their
strong keys, D.G. Am and Em, and to build in the pivot notes that
render a piece playable. As these are known, by and large, only
to the piper himself, this brings me to the point where I must
express my deep gratitude to Liam O'Flynn, for whom the piece
was written. Not only did he make the inner workings of the pipes
accessible, but it was he who found the solutions to the many
problems contained in the bare tunes I gave him. His readiness
to explore new avenues made the whole venture possible. The first
draft of the Brendan Suite was recorded in RTE for the radio programme
‘The Living Bridge'. The amended and completed version is recorded
on this album and I must thank conductors and orchestras for their
help as well as the Living Bridge's producer, Harry Bradshaw,
for his support. I thank also my first wife, Agnes, for her encouragement
and suggestions, and the many people who have assisted the production
of this album.
Shaun Davey, 1980
Following it's first live performance at Tombee
de la Nuit, Rennes and the Lorient Interceltic Festival in 1982,
The Brendan Voyage has been performed in concert halls around
the world, including The Sydney Opera House and The Royal Albert
Hall, London. It has been performed by Liam O'Flynn with;- the
ECO at the Royal Festival Hall, London, the SCO in Edinburgh,
the Ulster Orchestra in Belfast, the Northern Sinfonia in Newcastle,
the Munich Radio Orchestra, the Quebec Symphony Orchestra, the
Staten Island Symphony Orchestra, on tour with the RTECO in Cologne
and at Seville Expo 1994; at the Tonder festival, Denmark. Continues
to be performed by the RTE Concert Orchestra and the RTE National
Symphony Orchestra, and has for several years featured in the
Irish school curriculum.
COMPOSER’S NOTES
-
Introduction (1.11): The starting point of the
voyage was Brandon Creek in Co. Kerry, a tiny, harbour barely
protected from the Atlantic.
-
The Brendan Theme (4.09): Throughout the suite
the pipes represent the boat. Here, where they enter, the ‘Brendan’
floats newly-launched and, as the orchestra joins the pipes,
tentatively sets sail for the first time.
-
Jig: Water Under The Keel (2.29): Running before
the wind, the ‘Brendan’ is capable of quite a turn of speed.
The crew discover this for the first time in the Minch channel
between the Outer Hebrides and the west coast of Scotland.
-
Journey to the Faroes (4.02): Clouds pile up
on the horizon above the distant islands. As the boat nears
the Faroes it is swallowed by a swirling mist and caught by
a powerful current that draws it in towards the hidden coast;
the sounds of birds through the mist; the mist rises to reveal
cliffs.
-
The Cliffs of Mykines (4.01): This continues
out of the previous section. The cliffs are immensely high and
wind and tide drive ‘Brendan’ sideways towards them. Thousands
of birds swarm around the cliff face and at one point a whale
surfaces ahead of the boat. Finally, to escape the danger of
the cliffs, the boat has to run the gauntlet of a tide rip;
‘Rounding the headland’ is the point where the pipes return.
-
Mykines Sound (3.27): The pipes continue with
a reel as the boat rushes down a narrow channel between two
of the Faroe islands, unable to turn into the safety of a harbour,
for fear of capsizing in a powerful following sea. The ‘Brendan’
was swept once more out into the Atlantic before eventaully
being able to reach land.
-
Journey to Iceland (3.54): From the Faroes the
boat sets off for Iceland. On the way it is the subject of fascination
for a great variety of fish, including whales and dolphins.
The middle section is a dialogue between the ‘Brendan’ and layers
of fish in the waters below. The pipes use a C chanter to enable
them to play in a lower and more mellow key.
-
The Gale (4.04): Inevitably ‘Brendan’ and her
crew had to weather storms, but none so ferocious as those in
the waters off Greenland. Here the wind builds the sea into
a procession of gigantic Atlantic rollers with the boat, like
the pipes, bending to the pressure but refusing to be overwhelmed.
-
Labrador (8.38): After sailing through fog
into the clearer air of the ice edge off the coast of Labrador,
the ‘Brendan’ has to run through open pack ice; a kind of ballet
ensues between the frail-skinned boat and monster icebergs.
After inevitable collisions, the crew believe the boat has escaped
unscathed but, on sailing into clearer water discover that the
leather hull is holed and sinking. A solo pipe lament marks
the spot. With their arms in freezing water the crew repair
the hole and, by now close to exhaustion, make their way towards
the coast of Newfoundland. The section closes with the return
of the birds that signify the nearness of land.
-
Newfoundland (4.55): The pipes lead in a variation
of the main theme to celebrate the boat’s arrival in the New
World and the end of the voyage.